
Herzl really did become a great man in the history of Israel.
When Herzl was a little boy he knew how to pray, and knew all about the Jewish holidays, but he was not an observant Jew. When he grew up he became a writer, a playwrite and a journalist. In the year 1894, his newspaper sent him to France. At that time there was a trial in Paris for a Jewish French army officer named Alfred Dryfus.
In the trial he was accused of being a traitor.
"I am innocent" cried Dryfus.
"Death to the traitor, death to the Jews" people yelled, in the court and in the streets. The truth was that Dryfus did not betray anyone, but they said he was a traitor because he was Jewish. Herzl was shocked by the hatred against the Jewish people, and by the intense anti-Semitism.
Herzl wrote: "A Jewish state" - this is the only solution to anti-Semitism. Herzl decided to work hard so that the Jews could have a state of their own. He hardly saw or spent any time with his family. His friends thought he was crazy. They did not believe it was possible to establish a state for the Jewish people. Orthodox Jews argued that it is forbidden to establish a Jewish state, because only Hashem will return the Jews to the land of Israel. The Jews were scared that if they began to desire their own state - this would lead to even more hatred. But Herzl did not give up.
In 1897 Herzl invited representatives of the Jewish communities from all over the world to the first Zionist congress in Bazel in Switzerland. The representatives at the congress decided that they wanted to establish a home land (state) for the Jewish people.
Herzl met with important people, leaders and ministers of influentiel European countries: Germany, England, Turkey and Russia. He wanted them to help the Jews get a legal right (charter) to establish a state of their own. But they did not help.
At the same time the situation of the Jews in Russia was dire. Herzl wanted very much to help them. When the British offered him Uganda, in Africa, for the Jewish people, he agreed. But the represenattives from Russia and Chaim Weizman, one of the great Jewish leaders at the time, did not agree. They wanted to establish the Jewish state in the land of Israel. Herzl died in 1904 and asked to be buried in Eretz Israel.

Assignments
2. Write an imaginary book of your own called "the Jewish state."
3. Write Herzl a letter that will make him happy.
4. Write a song: Benjamin Zeev Herzl.
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